LONEITU KAIHHRUAINA(IPM)

GALL MIDGE : 

    Heng rannung hi thosi tiat lek, ke sang thiah theuh an ni a. A nu chu a mawnglam a senlar hlar a, a pa erawh chu a dum thung. Buh hnahah emaw hnah karah a tui 13-319 a chhek thin a, an tuite hi sen sei deuh it et a ni. Ni 3-4 hnuah pangang ti a sawi tham loh thil lungte reuh te te angin a lo keu chhuak a. Heng lungte te hi buh hnah karah an vak thla thin, buh hnah to chhuahna bul tak an ei thin a. Heng lungte hi an awmna ngaiah vek khan ni 15-20 hnuah a lo buhchiumin ni 2-8 chhungin an puitling thin a ni. A puitlingte hi ni 1-13 an dam deuh ber.

BUH A TIHCHHIAT DAN : 

    Gall Midge te hian buh nursery a ala awm lai atanga buh peng vawr tawp thlengin a khawih chhe thei a. Buh hnah ṭo na bulah a luh khung thin avangin buh hnahte kha parh lovin lo in zial chung in a ro thin a ni. Hei hi ‘Silver Shoot’ an ti a, buh naupan leh zual laia beih chuan thang chuang loin nasa takin a peng chiam thei a ni.

HLAWKNA KHAWIH PAWI LO CHIN : 

Buh phun sawn zawh lai-

    Buh kung chhia metre 1 bial zela 1 a awm in. .

Buh pen lai-

    Lo hmun za a then a hmun 5 a tih chhiatin.

LEAFHOPPER LEH PLANTHOPPERS (BUH KHAUTE) : 

    Buh khaute hi chi hrang tam tak an awm a. Amaherawhchu buh tichhe zual deuh te chu hengte hi an ni.

GREEN LEAFHOPPERS : 

    Heng rannungte hi buh hnahah a kat nelh nelh a, sir zawnga kal zet zet thin te hi a ni a. A puitling chu a hring an ni a, thil dumin an thla a chhun a, chu bakah an thla hmawr a dum bawk a ni.

BROWN PLANHOPPERS  : 

    Hei hi a note leh a puitling pawh rawng uk an ni a, buh par hma chuan hetiang rannung chi chiah si, mahse a thla tawi chi hi a tam zawk thin a. Buh par hnu erawh chuan thla sei chi an lo piang chhuak ve thung a, heng thla sei chi te hi an pem darh chiam thin a ni.

    Heng rannungte hian buh hnah lai zung thlurah an hliam hmasa phawt a, chutah chuan an tui thin a ni. Ni 18-25 chhungin a puitling hman thin a ni.

BUH AN TIH CHHIAT DAN : 

    A tlangpui thu in Leafhopper kan tih te hian buh hnah an duh deuh bikin Planhopper te hian buh kung bul lam an duh deuh bik niin a lang. Buh naupan deuh lai atanga an beih tan chuan buh peng a tlem phah a, buh kung a hniamin buh kung a chak lo bawk thin a ni. Heng rannungte hi an tam tak takna hmunah phei chuan buh hnah a eng thut mai a, mei sa a hliau thuak thuak ang mai hian a awm thin. A huhova khawsa an nih avangin an chettlatna lai a hriat hran theih hle thin a ni.

HLAWKNA TUR KHAWIH PAWILO CHIN  : 

Buh phun sawn zawh hlim-

                            Rannung 10 zel bi khata an awmin

Buh pen lai    -      -      do   -

Buh rai lai      -      -      do   -

Buh rai lai      -      -      do   -

HISPA : 

    Hei hi kelte lai mawn kan tih chi thla kawr khauh chi rannung a ni a, Rannung puitling chu a dumpawl in a taksa chu hling khat a ni a. An note chu panngang te reuh te te an ni a, buh hnah pawn lang te ah an tuiin heng tuite hi ni 3-5 chhungin an keu thin a ni. A tui atanga lo keu chhuak pangang te reuh te te chu buh hnah pawnlang a hring lai kha chaw ah an ring a, an keu chhuah atanga ni 14 ah an buhchiumin ni 4-6 hnuah an lo puitling thin a ni. Ni 14-20 an dam tlangpui.

PAWI SAWI LO CHIN : 

Buh phun sawn hnu-

                      Buh bi khat zelah rannung pakhat a awmin emaw buh hnah pakhat zel a chhiatin.

Buh pen vanglai-

                      Buh bi khat zelah rannung pakhat a awmin emaw buh hnah 1-2 a chhiatin.

LEAF FOLDER (BUH HNAH KHAWR) : 

    Buh hnah khawr hi a intanna chu Phengphehlep hmul te reuh te an ni a. He Phengphehlep hmul hi serthlum rawng uk lek lek a ni a, a thlaah rawng uk duk deuhin a khamphei zawngin a tial a. Tin, a thla hmawr lamah a dung zawngin a tial bawk a, Phengphehlep nu hian 300 vel a tui thin a, ni 3-4 hnuah a lo keu chhuak a, pangang lo keu chhuak chu rawng hring dal tak a ni a. An lo keu chhuah atanga rei vak lo ah buh hnah sir tawn tawn ah zamin a pawt khawr thin a, hemi chhungah hian a tawm tlat thin bakah a tawmna chhunga hnah hring lai kha a dit khawk a, a ei thin a ni. Buh hnah hamda var pan lai chauh kha a zuah thin avangin a ro phah thin a ni. Pangang angin ni 15-17 chhung a awm a. Ni 6-7 chhung a buhchium hnuin Phengphehlep puitlingah alo chang thin a ni. A puitlingte hi ni 3-4 an dam tlangpui.

PAWIKHAWIH LO CHIN  : 

Buh phunsawn hlim :

                        Buh bi khatah buh hnah pakhat a chhiat

                        in.

Buh pen lai  :   Buh bi khatah buh hnah 1-2 a chhiat in.

Buh rai lai    :   - do  -

SWARMING CATERPILLAR : (PANGANG FUANKHAWM CHI)

    Heng pangangte hian nursery buh tiak hlim te an tan/seh chhum vekin bawng peh hnu ang maiin an ei kawlh vek thin a ni. Buh phun sawn hnu chuan a hnah an ei kawlh vek a, a hnah thazam laihawl chauh an zuah tawk thin a ni. A huhova che vak thin a ni.

     Heng Pangang thlah tu bulpui ber chu Phengphehlep hmul lian tak thau tel tawl, vut rawng leh a uk in pawlh a ni a, a lu lam dep thlaah rawng dumin a kap a. Tin, a thla mawnglam a uk var deuhin a kap thung a.

    Phengphehlep nu in tui te reuh te te, bial sawl deuh hmun hrang hrangah a chhek thluah thin a. Hmun khatah tui 200-300 a chhekin heng hi ama hmul vut rawng khan a khuh thin a ni. A tui te hi ni 7 hnuah an keu va pangangah an lo keu chhuak phawt a. Pangang an nih chhung ni 20-25 a ni a. Leiah leiin bel deuh lukin a buhchiuma, ni 10-15 a buhchium hnuah a puitling thin a ni.

CLIMBING CUTWORMS : 

     Heng pangangte hian buh vui tawh hnuin buh kung an bei thin a, Climbing Cutworms tih awmzia chu Pangang chepchhum lawn thei tihna a ni mai. An hming ang deuh tak tak hian buh kungah an lawnin buh vui an chilh chhum thin a ni.

    Pangang thlah tu Phengphelep hmul, lian deuh tak, thau tel tawl rawng uk a ni a, Pangang than kin sei zet zawt thau tha tak, mam theithawl, hring duk , a dung zawng a hringdal deuh a tial a ni.

PAWIKHAWIH LO CHIN :  

     Metre khat bial zela Pangang 4-5 vel a awm in hlawkna lam a tan a pawi pha em em lo. Hei aia a tam chuan enkawl dan ngaihtuah nghal tur.

WHORL MAGGOT : 

     He rannung puitling hian tui mal te te in hnah chungah a tui thin a. A tui atanga lo keu chhuak Pangang te reuh te te (Lung ti ila a dik zawk awm e) te chu buh hnah pen na lai tak, a hnah in vuah khawmna lamah vak thlain buh hnah no a kuang dep lam an ei thin a. Heng lung (pangang) te hi buh hnah lo chawr chhuak hlim nen an rawng a ni ang hle a. Buh kuangah in ti betin a buhchium thin a. Kar 4 chhungin an lo puitling hman thin. a ni.

BUH AN TIHCHHIAT DAN : 

     Buh hnah chawr thar a kuang dep lam a hliam thin a. Buh hnah alo thang zel a, heng hliamte hi alo eng chho zelin a lang chiang tulh tulh thin a. Buh peng a tlem phahin buh kung a puitling har thin a. Buh kung a la sen hle atanga buh kung a pen vawr tawp thlengin heng rannungte hian pawi an khawih thei thin a. Tin, leilet tui tlinna ami buh lo chu an khawih ngai lo.

PAWI LO CHIN : 

     Buh phun ni atanga ni 30 chhunga a buh hmun za athen a hmun 20 ang khawihin hlawkna lamah pawi a la sawi lo.

CAST WORM : 

     Pawikhawih tak tu a chu pangang a ni a, a thlahtu chu Phengphehlep hmul var der thawngte a ni a. A thla ah rawnguk dal te in kap pheuh pheuh a, Pangang hi hringdal tak an ni a, an lu serthlum rawng a ni thung.

     Phengphehlep hian hmunkhatah chauh tuiin tui 50 vel buh hnahah an chilhchhum a chu chuan nalh takin an in zial hnan tlat thin a, ni 14-2O ah an than a kinin bawk khawr chhungah vek khan an buh-chi-um nghal a. An buhchium chhung hian buh kungah an in thlung bet tlat thin a ni. Ni 4-7 an buhchium hnuin Phengphehlep puitling chhung hi 19-37 vel a ni.

BUH TIHCHHIAT DAN : 

     Buh hnah hmawr rual takin an seh chum a, tin, Pangangte hian buh hnah hring lai an dit khawk in buh hnah hamda var lai chauh an zuah thin a ni. Buh hnah hi a chhipah tak an seh chum lem lova, a chang chuan rahbi tuk ni awmtakin a chhawng thluahin an ti chum bawk thin a ni. Sawi tawh angin Pangang te hi bawmah an inkhung tlat a, hetia in khung chung hian tuiah an lang kual vel a an duhna a piangah pakaiin buh hnah an ei chhe thin a ni. Chutichuan buh hnah kung an bei lai te leh tui a an lang lai te pawh an hmuh theih a ni .

GUNDHI BUG (BUH THLANGDAR)  : 

     Heng rannnug te hi ki leh ke sei tak nei ria zeih zawih a ni a, a note chu a hring emaw, a uk emaw a ni a, a puitling erawh chu a eng hring a ni thung a ni. Thlangdar hian tui hun bi nei lem lovin tluanin a tui suartluan thak mai ani . August thla vel atangin buh hmunah khawsa tanin November thla thleng a hnawksak hle thin a, Thlangdar nuin tui eng bial ker kawr 24-30 tlar thliai in buh hnahnah a chhek thin a. Heng tui te hi ni 6-7 ah keu a, chhawng 6 a thangin kar 2-3 ah an lo puitling thin a ni. Ni 33-35 vel an dam tlangpui.

BUH TIHCHHIAT DAN : 

     Buh hmun Thlangdar tamnaah chuan Thlangdar rim a nam huam thei a. A note leh a puitlingin buh rah tui pum lain a tui an hip thin a, hei hian buh a ti si nasa em em thin a ni. Thlangdar zukna kua ah hian thil dum a to thin a ni.

PAWI LO CHIN : 

     Thlangdar pakhat buh bi khat zelah.

BUH NATNA (DISEASE)  : 

Blast  :  He natna hian buh kung tihnat hun bi a nei lem lova, a duh hun hunah a bei thei reng a. Amaherawh chu, buh ala senlai te, buh pen lai te leh buh a par vel te hian he natna hi a langsar duh zual kai bik a. He natna hian lanchhuah dan chi thum a nei a.

     (i)Buh hnahah

     (ii)Buh changah

     (iii) Buh vui kungah

A LAN CHHUAH DAN : 

   Buh hnah hliam/pan a lo awm .Heng pante hi hmuithal emaw, mit ang deuh, a lai kiar a sir tawn tawn a zum a ni .Pan lai hi rawng uk a ni a. Chumi rawng uk in a hual chhung ah chuan rawng dal deuh vut rawng lek lek in a chawih bawk a.Heng pan/hliam te hi a infinkhawm a buh hnah ah lo uaiin mei a hliau ang mai hian a awm thin a ni.

     Buh changah he natna hian a khawih thei bawk a. Buh chang alo dum in a ram em em thin a ni. A tliak mai thin a ni.

      Buh vui kuangah he natna hi buh in a vei chuan a veina lai kha alo rek in a vui tliak thin a ni.

PAWIKHAWIH LO CHIN : 

      Buh pen atanga buh rai  -   Buh hnah 100 zel ah hnah 5-10 a chhiat in.

      Buh par hnuah                -   Buh hnah 100 zel ah hnah 5 a chhiat in.

BROWN SPOT  : 

     He natna hi buh hnahah te, buh kuang tuamtu kawrah te alang chhuak a, Buh hnah ah chuan han chuk atangin pan/hliam a rawn in siam a, heng pan/hliam hi a bial sawl deuh a ni a, rawng uk emaw, uk duk tak emaw a ni a. Tin, heng hliam uk te hi rawng engdal takin a hualpap bawk thin a ni. Buh rah a sawngnawiin rawng danglam tak a pu thin a ni.

PAWIKHAWIH LO CHIN  :  

        Buh par hnuah-Buhdf peng za zelah 2-5 a beih in.

SHEATH BLIGHT : 

      He natna hi buh kuang tuamtu pawn lang ber, tui chiah phak loh chinah a lo lang ber a. Hmuamhma hring vut rawng pawl lek lek, sawl deuh hian a rawn lang hmasa a, hei hi rei vak lovah a lo var a. A chang chuan buh takah te pawh a kai chho thei thin a ni. Uluk taka en chuan heng hmuamhma ah te hian antam chi niawm tak thil uk deuh a bawl tek thin a ni.

PAWI LO CHIN : 

         Buh peng vanglai atanga a par thleng buh peng 100 zelah 10 in natna a vein la pawi lo.

SHEATH ROT  : 

     He natna hi buh lo par chhuahna tuamtu kawrah a lang chhuak a. Buh a parchhuak tep tih velah a bei tan ber thin a .Hmuamhma sei deuh zet zawt emaw ramri mumal vaklo emaw a lo awm a, heng hmuamhma hi a laihawl tak vut rawng a niin a rawng uk in a hual a , amaherawh chu a uk, vut rawng lek lek ang pawhin awm thei (a laihawlah rawng dang awm chuang lo in) natna a nasat chuan buh par chhuak mumal lovin a siam thei a,tin, buh a pum tha lo bawk a, buh vui chhuak lo in a tawih bawk thin.

PAWIKHAWIH LO CHIN  : 

       Buh par hnuah –Buh peng zaah 2-4 a natna lanin.

BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT  : 

     He natna hi buh hnahah alang chhuak a, Buh hnah chip lam atanga intanin a chhuk zawnga kalin buh hnahah ngil tak a kal kawng sialin natna a kal thla a. Natna vei lai hi a eng emaw buhpawl rawng emaw a ni a, natna avanga buh hnah rawng alo danglam lai hi uluk tak a en chuan rawng lo danglamna daidang tu ramri kha alo kir chiat thin a ni. Natna hi buh par lain a hluar duh hle a. A chang chuan buh kung a la naupan lain natna a vei ve thei bawk a, heng hun a vei chuan buh hnahin vut rawng a pu a, a in khawr vek a, buh pengte a vuai ral mai thin a ni.

PAWIKHAWIH LOH CHIN  : 

     Buh pen vanglai-Buh rai thlengin

     Buh hnah hmun 100 a then a hmun 2-5 ah a lo kal in. (Hei hi buh kung khata pakhat zelah a ni.)

TUNGRO  : 

     Tungro tih hi buh natna chikhat hming a ni a, he natna avang hian buh kung a thang thei lo a. Tin, buh a peng a tlem phah thin. Buh hnah chawr thar a hringdal hle a, a chang phei chuan a eng vek thei bawk a. Hnah upa lam erawh chuan serthlum rawng duk a pu thung thin a ni. Hnah natna veite an ro thuai thin a, buh hian natna a vei hma deuh phei chuan buh par tur a awm thin lo a ni. A vui chhuak a nih rau rau pawhin buh a si vek thin a ni. Green Leafhopper (a hmasa lamah kan sawi tawh rannung chi khat) ten he nata hi an thlen thin a ni.

PAWIKHAWIH LO CHIN  : 

     Buh pen vanglai – metre khat bial chhunga buh kung pakhat zelin natna a vein a la pawi tham lo.

FALSE SMUT (BUH RAH)  : 

     He natna hi buh vuiah a lang chhuak thin a, thil rah hring sawl, hmul deuh thip thiap hian alo lang chhuak thin a ni.

HNIM/HLO  : 

     Note: Mizo hming pek vek theih an ni lova.Chuvangin a chhiar tu ten a lem en mil kan tum mai dawn nia.

YELLOW SEDGE (Cyperus iria)  : 

     Hnah mam thel thawl tawi buk tak cm 20-60 vel a sang a ni a. Kum tluan in lovah an hnawksak em em a ni.

BARNYARD GRASS (Echinocloa Crusgalli)  : 

     Kum tin par hnim a ni a, metre 2 vela sang, zung chhah tak leh kuang hmul deuh a ni.Fig(i)

SWAN GRASS (Echinocloa colona)  : 

     Hnim hnah mam tak, kum tin par cm 70-75 vel a sang a ni a. A kuang a phek a, a chang deuh bawk .(Fig 2)

UMBRELLA WEED (Cyperus difformis)  : 

     Hnim ding ngil tak, mam thel thawl , chung lam a tawi laih mai a ni a. Cm 2070 vel a sang a ni. (Fig 3).

WRINKLE GRASS (Ischaemum Maicosum)  : 

     Hnim huangtau tak 1.2m vel a sang a ni a. Kuang sei takah a parin heta ṭang hian chi tam tak a nei ṭhin a ni.

GOOSE GRASS (Eleusin indica) : 

     Kum tin par ṭhin hnim tawi leih lawih a ni a, a zung a hram hle bawk a ni.

FIMBRISTYLIS MILLIAVEA  : 

      Kum tin par thin hnim a ni a .A kuang a khawng lo hle a, a bul lamah a phek bawk .

NUT GRASS (Cyperus rotundus) : 

      Hnim ding ngil tak, zung bul bawk a nei a ni a. Cm 15-20 vel a sang a ni.

SAZU : 

     Sazu te hian buh kung hi engtik lai mai pawhin an ti chhia a, buh rai lai in buh kungte hi an ti chhe awlsam ber a ni.

     Sazu ten buh kung an khawih nazawng hi chu a langsar lem lova. Sazu rual tam tham deuhin a khawih erawh chuan buh hmunah a hlawm hlawmin a chhe sel sul thin a ni (alem ang khian). Buh peng tin an seh chum a , tui tlinna chung lam cm 5-10 velah chem a han fik hmawk ang mai a hmuamhma neiin an seh chum rem rum thin a ni. Buh kung ala naupan deuh laia khawih an nih chuan buh kungin peng thar a chhuah leh thin a, buh kung dang puitlin suau tawh hnuah la naupang takin a awmphah thin.

SAZU KUA : 

     Buh hmunah kua an hreuh thin a. Sazu kaw tharlam tak emaw an la chen na lai mek emaw te chu vung thar an chhuah leh chhuah loh atangin a hriat theih thin a ni. Pawn boruak a zirin heng kua te hi lei vungin a hnawh bawk thin a ni.

     Buh kung an la naupan lain sazu te hian leilet kam sir vel hmun ro laia kua an hreuh thin a. Buh a lo len hnuah leilet bial kotlangah an insawn lut a. Sazu kua te hi buh an than len dan a zir zelin an pung ve thin a ni.

SMALLER BANDICOOT  : 

     Leilet leh tlangram lova chetla ber thin sazu te hi bandicoot an ti a, tin, bandicoot ah hian chi hnih, a lian chi leh a te deuh chi an awm a, lo hmun a che tla thin te hi a te chi an ni a, chuvangin Smaller Bandicoot(bandicoot te chi) an ti a ni. Gram 300 vel a rit sat tha nelh nawlh, a dul tih loh chu rawng uk a ni a, tin, mei tawi tek tawk a nei bawk.

     Ni 4 chhung an hur a, ni 22 chhung note an pai bawk a. Note 1-11 an nei tlangpui a. A note zingah hian a nu leh pa a inzat tlangpui a ni. Thla thum chhungin heng sazu note te hi an puitling a. Oct-Dec thla ah pawh an inpawl bawk. (hei hi eitur a awm dan a zirin) kum khatah sazu nu pakhat no 50 vel a nei thei a ni.

ROOT KNOT NEMATODE  : 

     Nematode te hi rulhut chi an ni a. Mihring/ rannung kawchhungah an khawsa ang bawkin thlai ah pawh an awm thin a .Rulhut chi khat chuan buh zungah lutin bawk a siam thin a, chuvangin buh bawk siamtu rulhut avang hian buh zung chaw lak a buai a, tin, chiangkuang takin bawk a insiam thin. Lei chung lamah chuan buh a thang lova, buh hnah a eng bawk thin.

WHITE TIP NEMATODE  : 

     Buh chi ten he natna thlentu rulhut hi a pai ru thin a. Buh hum leh a fang inkarah pawi khawih lovin an awm a. Buh tuh vel leh an che tan thin chauh a ni. Heng rulhut te hian buh kung a hnawngah hleuh chhovin buh kung chunglamah an chho va. Buh hnahte leh buh vui te eiin an khawsa thin a ni. Buh hnahte leh buh vui te eiin an khawsa thin a ni. Buh hnah alo rova, a hnah hmawr lam cm 5-15 vel a sei kha kuai pir deuh vanin a awm thin a ni. Buh hnah hmawr zawng zawng a ro vek thin a ni. Buh rai lain a par chhungah lutin an in thlah a, a chi chhungah an tawm leh tlat thin a ni .

ULFA DISEASE (Stem nematode)  : 

     Lei a cheng buh hnah ei rulhut an ni a. Heng rulhut ten buh hnah an khawih te chu a eng thin a, tin, buh hnah sir hriam lai kha a ram em em thin bawk a ni .Buh vui tur pawh an khawih thin bawk a, hetih hun laia an khawih chu buh vui chhuak kha a kir deuh chuat a, buh fang insiam mumal lovin a awm thin a ni.

Note  : 

      He rulhut kan sawi Nematode te hi te reuh te te mit lawng a hmuh mai theih a ni lova. Buh erawh an suat hnem thei hle a ni.

LONEITU THIAN : 

Maimawm (Spider) : 

     Maimawm chi hnih an awm a, ril zam chi leh ril zam lova chaw zawng an ni a. A lar deuh deuh te chu Wolf Spider, Lyn Spider, Dwarf Spider leh Orb Spider te an ni. A tlangpui thuin Maimawm pakhatin thla thum chhungin tui 200-800 vel (hei hi a dam chhungin) a tui a. A pui leh a note te hian Planthoppers te, hnah ei chi pangangte leh buh kuang nget thlahtu Phengphehlep te an ei nasa hle ani. Nikhatah Maimawm pakhatin rannung panga atanga sawmpanga vel a ei thei a ni .Hei hi Maimawm len a zir a ni.

Note : 

      Mithiamte chuan rannung hi chi tamtakah an then a. Thlangdarte, Tuitifiminu kan tih ang chi hi Bugs tiin an vuah a, a hranpa a koh dan kan nei lem lova, chuvangin Bugs tiin kan ko ve mai dawn a ni. Tin, rannung chi dang entir nan a Sephung chi ho hi Beetle an ti ve leh mai a, heng pawh hi Beetle kan ti ve leh mai ang.

DAIDEP  : 

     Daidep chi ho reng reng te hian a note an nih lai atangin rannung an suat nasa em em a, an note te hi tui a cheng an nih avangin tui chim phak chin a cheng rannungte an ei a, an lo puitlin hnuah a chung lama chengte an ei thin a ni.

RANNUNG EI CHI BUG  : 

     Mirid Bugs :  Water Bugs te hi thla nei chi leh nei lo chi an awm a, Planthoppers an ei ber thin a, a thla nei lo chi te hi chaw zawngin an thlawk darh thin.

     Water Treaders : A puitling leh a note in buh kuang Pangang leh Hopper ho an ei ber a, a huhova kal lovin a fal in an che ber thin.

     Water Strider : A puitling leh a note ten Hopper leh Phengphehlep, Pangang pawikhawih thlahtute leh a Pangang ngei te pawh tui a tla changing an ei thin a ni.

RANNUNG TUI RAL (EGG PARASITES)  : 

     (Buh kung nget leh hnahkhawr tui)  : 

     Heng hi rannung dum te reuh te te an ni a, buh kuang nget leh Leaffolder tui an ei thin a ni. Heng rannungte hi wasp an ti tlangpuia. Buh kuang nget leh buh hnah khawr tui ral an nih dan chu direct takin an ei a ni lo a, hetiang hian a ni. Wasp nu khan buh kuang nget emaw buh hnah khawr tui chhungah a han tui a, chu tui chhungah chuan wasp kha lo in siamin a tui hnang zawng zawng a ei zawh hnuin a lo thlawk chhuak ta mai thin a ni.

PLANHOPPER LEH LEAFHOPPER TUI RAL  : 

     Heng ral te pawh hi wasp tho an ni a, rawng uk te, rawng engduk a uk pawl lek lek te an ni hlawm a. A nu in a pa pawl lovin a tui nghal thei a. Planhoppers leh Leafhoppers te tui hi a var an ni a, amaherawhchu heng wasp ten an tih chingpen tawh chu a rawng a danglam vek tawh thin a ni. Rannung tui an khawih dan chu a chung ami ang tho khi a ni a, heng wasp tui te hi ni 11-17 ah an keuva, ni 6-7 an dam a, rannung tui tam tak nikhatah an khawih chhe hnam a ni.

     Gonatocerus te Anagrus an tih te hi heng wasp chi ah hian a lar zual te an ni.

PANGANG RAL : 

     Wasp chi tho an ni a, buh hnah ei pangang taksa ah an tui ve tlat a ni. A tui lo keu in pangang tisa chhunglam atangin an ei a, an ei hlum thak thin a ni.Hetiang wasp lar deuh deuh chi te chu Cotesia te, Stenobracon te, Macronentrus te, Xanthopimla te, Charops te an ni.

RANNUNG EI CHI BEETLE : 

     Ground Beetle :  Ground Beetle te hi rannung khauh tak, senuk a ni a. A note erawh hi chu dum tle hlarh a ni a, Buh hnahkhawr Pangang vangin a vak a vak thin a ni. Pangang 3-5 ni khatah a ei tlangpui a. Planthoppers pawh an ei ve bawk a ni.

     Rove Beetle :  Rove Beetle te hi buh kung ah te, leilet bial chhungah a tui tling te, leiah te an kal thei vek a.Hengah hiam Leafhoppers leh Planthoppers te, buh hnahkhawr pangang te, pangang hmul chi te vai in zanah an vak thin a ni.

LADY BIRB BEETLE : 

     Chhun a chaw zawng chi an ni a, buh kung chanve chung lamah an awm deuh ber a . Rannung kal chak vak lo leh rannung tui langsar deuh te an ei ber a. A note in a puitling ai chuan chaw an heh a, ni khatah rannung 5-10 an ei ber thin. Planthoppers an ei ber a , Lady bird beetle te kar 1-2 chhungin an puitling a, kar 610 chhungin note 150-200 a nei hman a ni.

CRICKETS(Khauchher) : 

     Khauchher te hi a zawng a zain rannung ei mi an ni lem lo. Mahse, Swordtailed crickets an tih ho hi rannung tui ei chi an ni a, buh nget te, buh hnahkhawr te leh buh ti chhe tu rannung te tak tui chaw ah an ring a ni. Buh kung han tihchet chuan an kat sawn thauh thauh thin a . Mawng zum tak chem ang tak an nei a, hei hi an tuina tur vih kuakna a ni. Buh hnah an vit kak a, chutah chuan an tui thin. Heng Khauchher naupang deuh te chuan thla an nei a, amaherawh chu, a puitling upa lam chuan thla an neilo tlangpui .

RANNUNG EI CHI KHAU : 

     Khau te hi a tlangpui thuin hnah ei an ni a. Amaherawh chu khau chi khat Meadow grass hopper an tih hi chuan rannung tui leh note an ei vet tlat thung. Buh hmuna khau dangte nen a danglamna chu a ke a sei em em a, ama taksa let hnih dawn lai a ni a. A hmai a lut zawngin a awm , zan lamah a che tla thin a ni.

PART-II

INTEGRATED PESTS MANAGEMENT (IPM)

IPM hi engtihna nge ?

     Rannung enkawl dan chi hrang hrang lakkhawm a ni a, chung zinga a tangkai leh boruak leh leilung la khawih pawi siloh te chu hmanga rannungte thlai thar hlawklo tur khawpa an lo pung tur lo dan hi IPM an ti a ni.

IPM hi engtia hman tur nge?

1.  Lo enkawl danah

A.  Thlai chi thlak hma in :

     a)  Leilung uluk taka test tur (soil Testing)

     b)  Thlai kuitiahna uluk taka puahchah.

     c)  Nipui laia thuk taka leh phuh.

     d)  Thlai/Buh bulte nisa in a em theih tura laih lan

     e) Thlai chi hrisel natna leh rannung laka inveng thei hman thiam

     f)  Thlai chi leh thlai tiak damdawi a ven lawk. B

B.  Thlai chi thlak hnu :

     a)  Lei tha in buk tawk ( balanced fertilizer) pek tur.

     b)  Hun bi nei taka tui pek tur.

     c)  Hun bi nei taka thlawh fai tur.

     d)  Rannung pawikhawih tur dinhmun en fo.

     e) Thlai chikhat rawt lo chin tur (mixed cropping)

  Mechanical Methods :

  (Tha chakna hmanga tih chi)  :

     a)  Rannung turte vaikhawm a tihchhiat.

     b)  Chawhtawlh emaw, bucket chungah lehkha var khai la, rannungten eng an rawn bawma tam tak an

          tlahlum thei a ni.

     c)  Rannung tihchhiat hnah lawr khawm a paih.

     d)  Hruihruala buh kung chunglam thla thei bawk ( Buh vui hmaa tih tur).

  Biological Methods :

  ( (Rannungte vek hmanga thlai enkawl) )  :

    1.     Rannung tangkaite uluk taka enkawl, hei hi hetiang hian an enkawl theih.

     -      Pawngsuat chi tur ( Board Spectrum Pesticides) hman loh/tlem.

     -      Rannungten an huat tur ngei Pestisides hmanga an fuankhawm tamna lai chauh kah.

     -      Pawikhawih rannungten an duh vet ho, thlai pawimawh lo zawk(trap crop) bul hnaia chin.

     -      Pawikhawih rannung khawih tura buh chin hun ngauhtuah

    2.     Rannung tangtaite an tamna hmun atanga an tlemna hmun sawn kual. Hei hi thil harsa tak a ni a.

            Laboratory atanga rannung chi te hi lak theih mai a ni dawn a. Tin, Maimawm lova tla chi te pawh man

            khawm mai theih a ni bawk.

 Chemical Pestisides :

   A tul tawp ni a hriat hnuah chauh dimdawi taka hman tur a ni, lo pumpui kah chhuah vek pawh tum lem loh tur. Hetiang hman tur :-

 Buh phun sawn zawh hlim :

 Buh pen lai :

Green leafhopper te,Leaf folder te an awm chuan a hma a mi angin

Buh rai lai :

Stem borer ,Leaf folder, Green leafhopper, Brown planthopper te an awm chuan Sawi tawh anga kah tur.

Buh par leh vui hnu :